翼身融合布局大型客机的重心分析

在翼身融合布局飞机的总体设计阶段,为评估飞机总体方案的重心范围,建立了重心分析模型.分析模型以翼身融合布局飞机的几何参数为基础,应用参数化方法快速完成客舱布置,以工程估算和代理模型两种方法完成飞机的重量估算并计算重心前后限,绘制重心云图.基于重心分析模型,在Matlab平台开发了重心分析程序.以555座级翼身融合布局飞机的总体方案为例子来验证本文开发的程序.结果表明本程序可快速实现BWB飞机的客舱布置和重心云图绘制,分析结果可为飞机的稳定性和操纵性评估提供重心数据.     

耦合多螺旋桨滑流影响的低雷诺数机翼设计

以某型手抛式太阳能无人机(UAV)模型为对象进行考虑多螺旋桨滑流影响的低雷诺数机翼平面形状设计研究。首先,基于升力面理论发展了准定常求解多螺旋桨/机翼相互气动干扰问题的涡格法(VLM)程序,并采用建立参考翼型气动特性数据库的形式发展了相关低雷诺数修正(LRC)方法;然后,通过对翼型、低雷诺数机翼及单螺旋桨/机翼算例的数值模拟及与相关实验结果的对比,验证了本文数值方法具备模拟低雷诺数复杂流动问题的可靠性及准确性;最后,对某型手抛式太阳能无人机简化拉力多螺旋桨/机翼模型进行了直接优化设计及反设计,并通过具有较高精度的CFD准定常求解技术对优化结果进行了验证。结果表明:以CFD方法计算结果为参考,本文涡格法程序及低雷诺数修正方法能够准确高效地计算相关低雷诺数复杂流动问题;传统未考虑多螺旋桨滑流影响的设计机翼在实际螺旋桨工作状态下将偏离设计点,机翼气动特性得不到提高;考虑螺旋桨滑流影响的优化设计方法能够有效改善机翼阻力特性,相对应地,在设计状态下优化机翼总阻力能够降低19.52counts。     

航天器微低重力模拟及试验技术

针对国内外不同类型的微低重力模拟机理、应用方法及特点进行了介绍。综述了基于气悬浮技术的多自由度模拟器的关键技术以及组合应用方法；对各种复杂航天器(包括大型空间机械臂)在微低重力模拟环境下进行的展开、编队、抓捕对接、分离以及在轨服务等典型试验应用进行了系统介绍，同时总结了针对宇航员模拟训练的微低重力环境的实现手段及其特点。最后，展望了微低重力模拟及试验技术的发展前景，并提出了多项亟待突破的关键技术。     

Gravity field models from kinematic orbits of CHAMP,GRACE and GOCE satellites

The aim of our work is to generate Earth’s gravity field models from GPS positions of low Earth orbiters. Our inversion method is based on Newton’s second law, which relates the observed acceleration of the satellite with forces acting on it. The observed acceleration is obtained as numerical second derivative of kinematic positions. Observation equations are formulated using the gradient of the spherical harmonic expansion of the geopotential. Other forces are either modelled (lunisolar perturbations, tides) or provided by onboard measurements (nongravitational perturbations). From this linear regression model the geopotential harmonic coefficients are obtained.     

Model for the VLF/LF radio signal anomalies formation associated with earthquakes

The influence of quasi-static electric field of seismic origin on the characteristics of the internal gravity waves (IGWs) in the Earth’s ionosphere is considered. The electric field in the ionosphere arises due to the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere, formation of an EMF in the near Earth atmosphere and perturbation of the conductive electric current in the global electric circuit. Amplification of the electric current in seismic zone is accompanied by the formation of perturbation of the lower ionosphere that affects the amplitude and phase of VLF/LF signals. The action of the electric field on the IGWs is connected with the appearance of the Ampere’s force in the ionosphere. In the spectral range of these waves the latter acts on the neutral component of the ionosphere plasma. As the result of this interaction the ionosphere starts to support the discrete spectrum of oscillations. Periods of their maximums increase as numbers of natural sequence. The existence of such peculiarities of the waves in the ionosphere is confirmed by observations.     

Quality assessment of sub-Nyquist recovery from future gravity satellite missions

Drawing on experience from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data analysis, the scientific challenges were already identified in several studies. Any future mission should focus on improvement in both precision and resolution in space and time. For future gravity missions which use high quality sensors, aliasing of high frequency time-variable geophysical signals to the lower frequency signals is one of the most serious problems. The aliasing problem and the spatio-temporal resolution are mainly restricted by two sampling theorems describing the space-time sampling of satellite missions: (i) a Heisenberg-like uncertainty theorem which states that the product of spatial resolution and time resolution is constant, and (ii) the Colombo–Nyquist rule (CNR), which requires the number of satellite revolutions in a repeat period to be at least twice a given maximum spherical harmonic degree. The CNR holds under the assumption of equal ground-track spacing, and limits the spatial resolution of the gravity solution.     

低雷诺数下跨声速转子周向槽处理机匣扩稳研究

采用数值方法模拟了低雷诺数条件下NASA Rotor 37跨声速压气机转子内部流场。结果表明,附面层径向涡是该压气机转子流动失稳的一个很重要的原因。周向槽处理机匣结构对压气机流场的改善较为有限,而引入抽吸处理机匣后,抽吸槽可以将叶顶间隙涡和附面层径向涡及其引发的低能阻塞流团抽吸至处理槽内,叶顶流场大为改善,有效地提高了压气机转子的失速裕度。     

可压缩流动的高分辨率低耗散混合格式研究(英文)

针对可压缩流场的计算,提出了一种混合型激波捕捉格式来获得对于光滑区域和流场间断都具有高精度的解。该混合方法采用有限体积形式的五阶WENO格式来计算流场的光滑区域,而采用MUSCL格式来捕捉流场中的间断。该混合格式结合WENO格式的低耗散特性和MUSCL格式的高分辨率特性。两种格式之间通过一个间断感受因子进行切换。文中选择了三种典型的间断感受因子进行对比研究。WENO格式和MUSCL格式均为激波捕捉格式,因此混合开关中的常数的选择范围相对较宽。选取了若干典型算例对于混合格式的性能进行了研究,并对不同格式的计算精度和效率进行了对比。数值结果表明,与WENO和MUSCL相比,本文提出的混合方法在较广的范围内均表现出良好的特性。     

基于三维参数化模型构建的飞机重量重心快速估算方法

 针对飞机总体设计阶段重量重心(c.g.)估算的专业要求、设计方案反复调整的特点,提出了基于三维参数化建模的重量重心快速估算方法,从而实现后续的快速参数化调整。基于该方法的分析流程,通过分析飞机外形建模和结构、系统重量建模的工作对象和专业逻辑,对各个重量组成及其建模过程进行了参数化描述和流程定义,用于指导完成整个设计分析系统的开发实现。最后,通过算例演示了基于三维参数化建模进行重量重心快速估算的步骤。     

基于混沌粒子群优化算法的压气机盘低循环疲劳

压气机轮盘低循环疲劳寿命受很多随机参数的影响,具有很大的分散性,因此,对压气机盘低循环疲劳寿命进行稳健性设计具有重要的意义.在对疲劳寿命概率分析的基础上,结合RBF神经网络与混沌粒子群优化算法,利用混沌粒子群优化的动态收缩搜索区域的搜索特性,通过对随机参数进行优化进行压气机轮盘低循环疲劳寿命稳健性优化设计,使得疲劳寿命对参数的敏感度降低,概率区间减小,计算结果验证了该方法在工程应用中的可行性.